Free Merchant of Venice Essays: Anti-Semitism :: Merchant Venice Essays

Anti-Semitism in The Merchant of Venice    Though many view Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice as anti-Semitic, careful examination shows that the playwright actually develops the opposing point of view. These views can be easily established through a careful reading of the plays dialogue, character comparisons, and more subtly through indirect thematic developments by the playwright showing that on both simple and complex levels, Shakespeare attacks the anti-Semitic attitude that has been prevalent in society for centuries.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The words of the play actually challenge anti-Semitism. In one of his most eloquent moments Shylock addresses this prejudice when he verbalizes the equality of all men in Act III, Scene 1. He [Antonio] hath disgrac'd men, and hinder'd me half a million; laughed at my losses, mock'd at my gains, scorn'd my nation, thwarted my bargains, cool'd my friends, heated my enemies; and what's his reason? I am a Jew. Hath not a Jew eyes? hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions? fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases, heal'd by the same means, warm'd and cool'd by the same winter and summer, as a Christian is? If you prick us, do we not bleed? if you tickle us, do we not laugh? if you poison us, do we not die? and if you wrong us, shall we not revenge?    The revenge motif in the play stems from the undeserved ill treatment first of Shylock by Antonio and then Antonio by Shylock. On simple levels Shakespeare shows bigotry and prejudice in all its ugliness through the use of anti-Semitic attitudes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare dispels the premises of anti-Semitism by establishing marked similarities between Shylock and his antagonists in the play. Antonio and Shylock are both business men intent on making money who have allowed this pursuit to become their entire focus. In the cited speech, Shylock indicates his hatred is born of the hatred shown towards him by others (particularly Antonio). Since there is no sound justification for Antonio's attitudes, he serves as a vehicle for establishing the hollowness of prejudice formed without basis. This is reasonably obvious even to the casual reader.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a more subtle manner Shakespeare, through the use of the caskets, presents a truism with regard to the contrasts between outward appearances and inner reality leading to the prevailing idea that one must look beyond the surface.

Zeitoun Analysis

Marcellus Lopez Mr. Buckley Honors American Literature September 20, 2011 Abdulrahman Zeitoun, Not Clark Kent Zeitoun, a fantastic novel by author Dave Eggers is a heroic tale of faith and courage set during Hurricane Katrina of August 2005, in New Orleans, Louisiana. The hardy protagonist of the chronicle is Abdulrahman Zeitoun, a Syrian man, living in Louisiana with his wife, Kathy, and his three daughters and stepson. Zeitoun, a former sailor, used to storms and seas, at the time of the hurricane owned a contracting business, building, repairing, and painting.Zeitoun's heroism and bravery have made very clear to me that being a hero is †¦ well, really damned stupid. If not that, then at the very least, being a hero is inadvisable and unwise. Zeitoun went far out of his way to help others in a whirlwind of charity and self-assurance. In doing so, he caused great damage to himself and those closest to him. Zeitoun went above and beyond what was asked of him to assist members of his community, ignoring the one thing asked of him by his worried wife, who demanded he evacuate with her and the family.Just as he had gotten into the momentum of routinely feeding some dogs abandoned by their owners daily, Zeitoun was arrested under false charges, rendering him unable to contact Kathy. His absence left his family distressed and disoriented. Kathy panicked hour by hour, praying to hear from her husband, with no such luck until much later. While Abdulrahman was missing, his family overseas was just as worried about him. His brother would call Kathy, personally urged to bend the truth about her husband's whereabouts. While Zeitoun was imprisoned, his family scrambled to get but a word from, him, not to mention the dogs died.I would stop and think at times in the story, does Zeitoun take the time to assess whether the possible consequences are worth the good he is trying to do? His time in prison shows him reflecting on the good he'd done, as well as praying for a be tter situation, but I do not recall one time at which he says to himself that he definitely should have left New Orleans. Did he not expect at all that in all the paranoia of a critical hurricane in a post-9/11 society that a Middle Eastern Muslim man would be a target for bigotry and used as a scapegoat?Although, his imprisonment was completely unwarranted, along with the charges brought against him and accusations made against him, nothing should have been a surprise to Zeitoun. Zeitoun was either unequipped with the knowledge that this country's ideals of justice are far from perfect and that the executive branch of our government is very prone to quick, harsh decisions and quick, definitive judgments†¦ or just not very thoughtful. The results of Zeitoun's poor decision to stay in New Orleans stuck to Kathy for the rest of what we read of her life in Zeitoun.Kathy's mental healthy was sacrificed all because Zeitoun foolishly remained in the city, with knowledge that a partic ularly dangerous storm was approaching. By the end of the story, I couldn't help but notice how much Abdulrahman's â€Å"courage† and â€Å"faith† resemble naivete. He stayed in New Orleans to ride out Katrina because he was obstinate and over-confident. It's fair to say that having been a sailor, he was rugged enough to handle a hurricane, but with a family and the understanding that many other people get mixed up in the spiraling torrent of a natural disaster, it is also fair to say that he could not have been prepared enough.Zeitoun tells that he felt called by God to help people in the storm, but this, I deduce, was no more than a rush he felt from completing a successful rescue. Everyone wants to be a hero. The sensation of doing good for others does more good for the good-doer than should be done. One of my favorite lyrics says, â€Å"When you help others, you can't help helping yourself. † For a man to be so complacent with an unpredictable force of natur e that he would be willing to let it come and see what happens is indubitably foolish.Abdulrahman refusing to evacuate with his wife very closely resembles a child on a playground, shouting to his mother, â€Å"No, Mommy! I don't wanna go! † Zeitoun, an informative novel by author Dave Eggers is a tale about how faith and â€Å"courage† can really screw things up. The foolhardy protagonist of the chronicle, Abdulrahman Zeitoun, shows us how being over-confident and letting ourselves become too comfortable can lastingly repercuss on the lives of our wife and family. Zeitoun's over-confidence and naivete have made it absolutely clear that trying to be a hero is really damned stupid.

HIH Insurance Report Essay

Executive Summary The auditing profession plays a significant role in industrialized economies for many years. In the insurance industry, the manner of auditing profession is regulated. The collapse of Health International Holdings (HIH) was recorded as the biggest corporate collapse in the history of Australia. Also an investigation of Royal Commission was warranted by the HIH collapse. Two questions considered in the failures of HIH Insurance: Did the auditors implement their responsibilities and roles? Did the auditors fulfil their auditing work ethically? This report provides an analysis of auditing issues arising from the collapse of HIH Insurance. Among factors that have gave rise to the corporate failure of HIH Insurance, that of the ethics of auditing profession, roles of auditors and effectiveness of audit committee have regarded as particular significance. Contents 1. Introduction HIH Insurance was established when MW Payne Liability Agencies Pty Ltd was incorporated by Michael Payne and Ray Williams joining together to do  business of insurance underwriter in Australia in 1968. Their operations were throughout the world, accompanied with businesses working in numerous countries such as the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Hong Kong, and the United States (Peursem, Zhou, Flood & Buttimore, 2007). There are many varieties of insurances in the markets of UK, the USA and Australia, involving compulsory insurance (for example, workers’ compensation and third party motor vehicle insurance) and non-compulsory insurance (for instance, home contents and travel insurance) (Kehl, 2001). More than 250 subsidiary companies comprised of HIH Insurance group in a highly complicated structure at the time of liquidation. With net assets of $939 million at 31st June 2000, HIH Insurance used to be the second biggest underwriting insurance in Australia. With debts of about between $3.6 billion and $5.3 billion, HIH Insurance was placed into provisional liquidation on 15th March, 2001 (Peursem et al., 2007). The collapse of the HIH Insurance was considered the largest corporate failure in the history of Australian business. Subsequently, the collapse contributed to the establishment of a Royal Commission to make an investigation on ‘the degree of which behaviours of employees, directors, auditors, advisors and actuaries give rise to HIH failure or concerned undesirable company practices’ appointed by the Australian federal government (Mirshekary, Yaftian & Cross, 2004). Because HIH Insurance was a major insurer in Australia, its collapse had a widespread impact on society (Leung & Cooper, 2003). The purpose of this report is to analyse the audit issues arising from the HIH Insurance collapse. A brief of HIH profile is provided prior to the auditing analysis of HIH Insurance collapse. The next part of this paper is devote d to examine issues related to HIH audit practices with respect to audit independence, audit committee and ethical considerations. 2. Discussion 2.1 Audit Independence The issue of audit independence is fundamental significant in the collapse of HIH Insurance. Audit independence refers to giving an unbiased and objective perspective in the assessment of the results, the performance of audit tests, and the release of the audit report. This is one of the auditor’s characteristics of most crucial importance. In addition, independence is  basic principles of objectivity and integrity (Arens, Best, Shailer, Fiedler, Elder & Beasley, 2010). According to HIH Royal Commission (as cited in Mak, Deo & Cooper, 2005), the Royal Commissioner discovered that Andersen was not independent and had not accomplished the hopes and expectations about the role and responsibilities of acting as an auditor. From when HIH Insurance joined the Health group in 1971, Arthur Anderson performed the audit of HIH Insurance until the provisional liquidation of HIH Insurance in 2001(The HIH Royal Commission, 2003). In the light of HIH Royal Commission (as cited in Johnson, 2004), Justice Owen found out that the following facts were involved in evaluating the independence of Arthur Andersen. The HIH Board of directors included three former partners of Andersen: â€Å"an Andersen partner was a chair of the HIH board and continued receiving fees under a consultancy agreement; an Andersen partner was removed from the audit team after meeting with non-executive directors in the absence of management and the chief financial officer (CFO) was an ex-Andersen partner† (Mak, Cooper, Deo & Funnell, 2007). â€Å"Since HIH management were reluctant to increase the amount of audit fees paid to Arthur Andersen, Arthur Andersen sought to reduce the amount of work performed on the HIH audit†¦Ã¢â‚¬  were stated in comments of Mr Martin, counsel to the Royal Commission (Peursem et al., 2007). Arthur Andersen paid the consultancy fees to Geoffrey Cohen, who was the former Arthur Andersen partner and Chairman of HIH board. With including the services of a secretary and the utilization of Andersen office, these payments totalled at $190,877.60 over a period of nine years (Peurs em et al., 2007). Recognised in Part B of the Code of Ethics, classifications of threats to independence include the threats of intimidation, familiarity, advocacy, self-review and self-interest. Under the Corporations Act, situations generating from any relationship that is possible exist, has existed, or exist should are necessary considered in the possibility of a conflict of interest (Arens et al., 2010). The above facts indicated that a close personal relationship developed and it could be a familiarity threat to the independence of the auditor. In respect of these matters, Arthur Andersen might have lacked independence. Moreover, the declaration by Mr Martin might cause people to question whether the duties with professional scepticism and objectivity were fulfilled by auditors and whether the directors have effect on or put pressure to the auditors (Mirshekary et al.,  2004). This also enabled the independence of Andersen be doubted. In addition, the auditing practice statements (AUP) 32 declared â€Å"no officer of the company to be audited shall receive any remuneration from the firm for acting in an advisory capacity to it on accounting or auditing matters† . Nevertheless, the payments of consultancy fees were not disclosed in the general meeting of the board. This may result in a lack of independence in question (Mirshekary et al., 2004). 2.2 Audit Committee Ineffectiveness of the audit committee was a flawed side in the corporate governance practices of HIH Insurance, which was disclosed in the Royal Commission’s report (Johnson, 2014). Arens et al (2010) showed that audit committee is a subcommittee of board of directors in a company, with specific responsibilities relating to supervise the independent audit function. In many modern companies, audit committee is a complete element of the corporate governance. Audit committees can support the Board of Directors to satisfy about the independence of company, stating by CPA Australia and the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia (2004). Having most of non-executive directors has been common for the audit committee in recent times, enabling the committee to handle matters with a fair mode and non-conflicts of interest (Mirshekary et al., 2004). According to HIH Royal Commission (2003), Geoffrey Cohen who is the chairman of the audit committee and also the chairman of HIH did not fully read the presentations of auditors. He attended the great majority of the audit committee meetings, accompanied with other senior management. ‘That no occasion on which the auditors met with the members of the audit committee in the absence of management were not disclosed in the evidence’ claimed by Mr White who is counsel to the Royal Commission. This implies that the management of HIH Insurance not acted opposite than usual practice. At the same time, the impartiality of the audit committee is in question (Mirshekary et al., 2004). 2.3 Ethical Considerations There are some ethical issues involved in the audit profession that generated from the collapse of HIH Insurance. Ethics refer to a series of moral values  or principles. Professional auditors can get stuck in many complex circumstances that produced by ethical dilemmas. Ethical dilemmas exist when people is in the face of circumstances which have requirement of decisions about the most suitable behaviour whereas when the available choices require a trade-off ideals or interest (Arens et al, 2010). Auditors must comply with ethical standards whereas acting in the best interests of shareholders. Five ethical principles applying to auditors were identified by the Framework for Assurance Engagements, that is objectivity, integrity, confidentiality, professional behaviour, and professional competence as well as due cares (Arens et al, 2010). Arthur Andersen was paid $5.1 million in audit fees and $2.8 million in non-audit fees from HIH Insurance during the period of 1997 to 2000 (Johns on, 2004). Also Andersen earned $5.097 million in terms of auditing the financial statements of HIH Insurance and $2.824 million from offering HIH Insurance with non-audit services during the last three financial years of HIH Insurance. Whether the supply of such non-audit services was ethical towards Andersen with having best interests of shareholders should be considered. As already mentioned above, â€Å"Since HIH management were reluctant to increase the amount of audit fees paid to Arthur Andersen, Arthur Andersen sought to reduce the amount of work performed on the HIH audit†¦Ã¢â‚¬  were stated in comments of Mr Martin (Peursem et al., 2007). This may means a cosy relationship was utilised by Arthur Andersen to know that increasing supply of non-audit services can recoup the loss of assurance fees. The supply of non-audit services by Andersen must also be taken the ethical dilemma of having a duty of care to third parties in consideration. A former accountant at HIH Insurance, Jeffrey Simpson stated that the close connection between HIH Insurance and Arthur Andersen enabled HIH Insurance utilization of aggressive accounting policies. He also expressed that Arthur Andersen consent to the application of these policies in further statements (Mirshekary et al., 2004). In regard to consider Andersen’s duty of care to give an opinion to shareholders that that the statements present a true and fair view, the agreement of Andersen is unethical in question and the auditor’s integrity in pressure situations. 3. Conclusion In conclusion, this report discusses the auditing issues of collapse of HIH  Insurance in the area of audit independence, audit committee and ethical considerations. In relation to Arthur Andersen’s dealing with HIH Insurance, attention that the audit partners and the relationship between senior HIH management have been centred on the independence of Arthur Andersen. The second issue is taken the role of audit committee of HIH Insurance played in the collapse in consideration. Regarding to the ethical considerations that arose from the collapse of HIH Insurance, in particular, the provision of Arthur Andersen’s non-audit services to HIH Insurance, is the final audit issue. Reference List Arens, A. A., Best, P., Shailer, G., Fiedler, B., Elder, R. J. & Beasley, M. (2010). Auditing, Assurance Services and Ethics in Australia (8th ed.). Frenchs Forest, N.S.W. : Pearson Australia. CPA Australia and the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia. (2004). ‘Auditing Handbooks’, Prentice Hall, Sydney. Johnson, R. (2004). READINGS IN AUDITING. Milton, Qld: Wiley. Kehl, D. (2001). HIH Insurance Group collapse. Retrieved 12 January, 2014 from http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/Publications_Archive/archive/hihinsurance Leung, P. & Cooper, B. J. (2003). The Mad Hatter’s corporate tea party. Managerial Auditing Journal, 18(6-7), 505-516. doi: 10.1108/02686900310482641 Mak, T., Cooper, K., Deo, H. & Funnell, W. (2007). Audit, accountability and an auditor’s ethical dilemma: A case study of HIH Insurance. Asian Review of Accounting, 13(2), 18-35. doi: 10.1108/eb060785 Mak, T., Deo, H. & Cooper, K. (2 005). Australia’s Major Corporate Collapse: Health International Holdings (HIH) Insurance â€Å"May The Force Be With You†. The Journal of American Academy of Business, 6(2), 104-112. Retrieved from http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy-m.deakin.edu.au/ehost/detail?sid=7e243edc-d09e-4c37-9206-a24fa7ae207a%40sessionmgr4002&vid=1&hid=4205&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=bth&AN=15674522 Mirshekary, S., Yaftian, A. M. & Cross, D. (2004). Australian corporate collapse: The case of HIH Insurance. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 9(3), 249-258. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.fsm.477015

Medical Record Security Essays

Medical Record Security Essays Medical Record Security Paper Medical Record Security Paper With the advent of technology, the keeping of medical records has now been made convenient and effective for both the doctor and the patient themselves. Your medical history can now be viewed in great detail by only logging in the correct account information. This can save a lot of time and energy for your doctor to effectively address whatever ailment you are encountering. This system of keeping electronic health records or EHR is now becoming mainstream which would ultimately culminate in the creation of the National Health Information Network. The National Health Information Network aims to connect every American EHR to facilities that need them through the use of the online interface by the year 2009 (Health and Fitness, 2006). Although a great convenience would be rendered by this, it also raises a lot of questions regarding the privacy and security of crucial and highly confidential medical information of American individuals. In an organization which espouses such system, there are a number of electronic and ethical threats that they may encounter. So what are these threats? Well firstly, there is the availability of access. If their medical records become online, there would be no safeguarding measure to protect or delimit the personnel who could readily access it. EHR could be subject to hacking by unauthorized individuals as all that protects it from them is a simple username and password. If this is so as well, their medical records are not only made available for doctors, pharmacists and other practitioners of medicine, but to virtually anyone. Drug manufacturers could access their patient’s history to be used for research and product development even without their patient’s explicit consent. Crucial information like the specific type of disease could be exploited for fundraising activities or other schemes that are only targeted by different medical companies for profits. With the development of this system, consumers are also allowed to view their own records and, even make changes if there are errors, all for an access fee. This means that consumers themselves could manipulate their medical records to suit their own purposes (i. e. removing certain ailments that might lower their chances in job application). Information gleamed from these records without proper authorization could be very harmful to an individual. Actually, any information regarding a patient receiving medical attention is considered private and confidential. According to the privacy rule of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), Protected Health Information (PHI) includes everything, rather broadly at that, that concerns a patient’s medical history. This includes mental and physical condition of the patient, both present and past as well as all of the provisioned care administered to the said patient. It even includes all information regarding the payment of such provisions that transpired between a patient and the medical institution that s/he is associated with (45 CFR 164. 501). So in essence, every minute detail in a patient’s medical record is held confidential under the rule of law and thus must be protected from unauthorized utilization. To be able to render quality services to the patients, I recommend establishing a sound reputation when it comes to handling medical records. You could do this by affiliating yourselves with privacy ensuring sites like TRUSTe. org. Since online transaction really entails a great deal of risk when it comes to information theft, being rewarded, for example, with a TRUSTe seal assures customers of the privacy and security of vital information contained in their medical records. It is also wise to disseminate information to your patients regarding the nature of electronic health records so that they could take necessary precautions for themselves. There are products that they can avail themselves of to protect their own medical records. Nifty gadgets like portable emergency medical record holders from companies like SGMS Corporation could really help secure a patient’s and his or her family medical records safe and secure. It will also be to your organization’s benefit to educate the patients regarding the laws that are already enacted to help secure their electronic health records like HIPAA. Organize seminars and conferences to better spread the message of caution. For example, when being asked for consent (i. e. waivers) about releasing a patient’s medical records, teach them to be meticulous about what they sign. Advice them against signing â€Å"blanket waivers† that are not specific about what records they want to share and just do so in a general way. Specify things like releasing to a particular doctor (who will be accountable to any exchange of information that would take place without your knowledge), or releasing only that records that are necessary for a specific type of ailment. As an organization, the patient’s welfare should be our top priority, therefore it is our responsibility to provide them the necessary information so that they may do their part well when it comes to upholding medical record security. Laws can only do so much and without the proper education, loopholes could be easily taken advantaged of by external agencies which may not have a patient’s interest at heart. References Health and Fitness. (2006, March). Retrieved December 16, 2007, from ConsumerReports. org: consumerreports. org/cro/health-fitness/health-care/electronic-medical-records-306/overview/index. htm Code of Federal regulations (2003, April). Retrieved December 16, 2007 from http://frwebgate. access. gpo. gov/cgi-bin/get-cfr. cgi? YEAR=currentTITLE=45PART=164SECTION=501SUBPART=TYPE=TEXT

Biography of Charles Kettering, Inventor of the Electrical Ignition System

Biography of Charles Kettering, Inventor of the Electrical Ignition System The first electrical ignition system or electric starter motor for cars was invented by General Motors (GM) engineers Clyde Coleman and Charles Kettering. The self-starting ignition was first installed in a Cadillac on February 17, 1911. The invention of the electric starter motor by Kettering eliminated the need for hand cranking. The United States Patent #1,150,523, was issued to Kettering in 1915.   Kettering  founded the company Delco and headed research at  General Motors  from 1920 to 1947.   Early Years Charles was born in  Loudonville, Ohio, in 1876. He was the fourth of five children born to Jacob Kettering and Martha Hunter Kettering. Growing up he could not see well in school, which gave him headaches. After graduation, he became a teacher. He led scientific demonstrations for students on electricity, heat, magnetism, and gravity. Kettering also took classes at  The College of Wooster, and then transferred to  The Ohio State University. He still had eye problems, though, which forced him to withdraw. He then worked as foreman of a telephone line crew. He learned he could apply his electrical engineering skills on the job. He also met his future wife, Olive Williams. His eye problems got better, and he was able to go back to school. Kettering graduated from OSU in 1904 with an  electrical engineering  degree. Inventions Begin Kettering began working at a research laboratory at  National Cash Register. He invented an easy credit approval system, a precursor to todays credit cards, and the electric cash register, which made ringing up sales physically much easier for sales clerks all over the country.  During his five years at NCR, from 1904 to 1909, Kettering earned 23 patents for NCR.   Beginning in 1907, his NCR co-worker  Edward A. Deeds​  urged Kettering to improve the automobile. Deeds and Kettering invited other NCR engineers, including  Harold E. Talbott​, to join them in their quest. They first set out to improve the ignition.  In 1909, Kettering resigned from NCR to work full-time on automotive developments which included the invention of the  self-starting  ignition. Freon   In 1928, Thomas Midgley, Jr. and Kettering invented a Miracle Compound called Freon. Freon is now infamous for greatly adding to the depletion of the earths ozone shield. Refrigerators from the late 1800s until 1929 used the toxic  gases, ammonia (NH3), methyl chloride (CH3Cl), and sulfur dioxide (SO2), as refrigerants. Several fatal accidents occurred in the 1920s because of methyl chloride leakage from  refrigerators. People started leaving their refrigerators in their backyards. A collaborative effort began between three American corporations, Frigidaire, General Motors, and DuPont to search for a less dangerous method of refrigeration. Freon represents several different chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, which are used in commerce and industry. The CFCs are a group of aliphatic organic compounds containing the elements carbon and fluorine, and, in many cases, other halogens (especially chlorine) and hydrogen. Freons are colorless, odorless, nonflammable, noncorrosive  gases  or liquids. Kettering died in November 1958.

Biodiversity in India Essay Sample

Biodiversity is the portion of nature which includes the difference in cistrons among the persons of a species. the assortment and profusion of all the works and carnal species at different graduated tables in infinite. locally in a part. in the state and the universe and assorted types of ecosystems. both tellurian and aquatic within a defined country. Biodiversity deals with the grade of nature’s assortment in the biosphere. Types of biodiversityFamilial diverseness – the familial variableness within a species. Speciess diverseness – the assortment of species within a community Ecosystem diverseness – the administration of species in an country into typical works and carnal communities. Familial diversenessEach member of any animate being or works species differs widely from other persons in its familial make-up because of the big figure of combinations possible in the cistrons that give every person specific features. Therefore. for illustration. each human being is really different from all others. This familial variableness is indispensable for a healthy genteelness population of a species. If the figure of engendering persons is reduced. the unsimilarity of familial make-up is reduced and in-breeding occurs. Finally this can take to the extinction of the species. The diverseness in wild species forms the ‘gene pool’ from which our harvests and domestic animate beings have been developed over 1000s of old ages. Today the assortment of nature’s premium is being further harnessed by utilizing wild relations of harvest workss to make new assortments of more productive harvests and to engender better domestic animate beings. Modern biotechnology manipulates cistrons for developing better types of medical specialties and a assortment of industrial merchandises. Speciess diversenessThe Numberss of species of workss and animate beings that are present in a part constitutes its species diverseness. This diverseness is seen both in natural ecosystems and in agricultural ecosystems. Some countries are more rich in species than others. Natural undisturbed tropical woods have a much greater species richness than plantations. A natural wood ecosystem provides a big figure of non-wood merchandises that local people depend on such as fruit. fuel wood. fresh fish. fibre. gum. rosin and medical specialties. Timber plantations do non supply the big assortment of goods that are indispensable for local ingestion. In the long-run the economic sustainable returns from non-wood wood merchandises is said to be greater than the returns from droping a wood for its lumber. Thus the value of a natural wood. with all its species profusion is much greater than a plantation. At present preservation scientists have been able to place and categorize approximately 1. 7 5 million species on Earth. However. many new species are being identified. particularly in the blossoming workss and insects. Areas that are rich in species diverseness are called ‘hotspots’ of diverseness. India is among the world’s 15 states that are exceptionally rich in species diverseness. Ecosystem DiversityThere are a big assortment of different ecosystems on Earth. which have their ain complement of typical inter linked species based on the differences in the home ground. Ecosystem diverseness can be described for a specific geographical part. or a political entity such as a state. a State or a taluka. Distinctive ecosystems include landscapes such as woods. grasslands. comeuppances. mountains. etc. . every bit good as aquatic ecosystems such as rivers. lakes. and the sea. Each part besides has man-modified countries such as farming area or graze grazing lands. An ecosystems is referred to as ‘natural’ when it is comparatively undisturbed by human activities. or ‘modified’ when it is changed to other types of utilizations. such as farming area or urban countries. Ecosystems are most natural in wilderness countries. If natural ecosystems are overused or misused their productiveness finally decreases and they are so said to be degraded. India is exceptionally rich in ecosystem diverseness.

I don't have one Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

I don't have one - Essay Example In the short story, drugs led to his incarceration, thus increasing his predicament. However, his aptitude in jazz music has significantly aided him in alleviating his challenges. In James Baldwin’s short story, titled Sonny’s Blues, the narrator depicts Sonny as a teenaged character struggling with various challenges in the slums of Harlem. The story’s setting is in the middle of the 20th century, a time when racial discrimination was at all times high. Racial discrimination against the African Americans by the whites came in all forms thus posing tremendous negative or undesirable effects in the society. The narrator, an anonymous character, gives a picture of Sonny fighting drug abuse and other social dilemmas through jazz music, which he strongly disapproves. Moreover, he says "and his music seemed to be merely an excuse for the life he led† (Madden 321). The writer describes how Sonny uses his artful skills in mitigating his challenges that include drug abuse and poverty. In one instance, the narrator shows how Sonny hangs in several nightclubs, in a bid to use his talent in jazz music to avert drug (heroin) addiction. His brother, the narrator does not understand his passion in music until one day when they go together in a nightclub (Schewhn and Bass 331). In that particular occasion, the narrator realizes the power of music in keeping Sonny sound and normal, while staying away from drugs and other social tribulations that significantly affects his life. However, his jazz musical talent could have a negative effect on him since the narrator’s in-laws took him as a low-classed boy. In addition, Sonny’s involvement in jazz music led him into drug addiction, a condition he unsuccessfully tried to eliminate. His addiction has also landed him in jail and severely affected his relationship with his brother, the narrator (F einstein and Rife 506). Through his jazz music, Sonny is able to communicate the